大学英语泛读教程二第三版第8单元Getting enough sleep

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Unit 8Getting enough sleep? Dream on

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Children who do not get enough sleep are more likely to be overweight according to a new study.

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Navigation GuideI. Related information 1.1 Schemata activation 1.2 Preview Qs II. Text Comprehension2.1 Text Analysis 2.2 Post-reading Qs III. Difficulty Points 3.1 Key words 3.2 Key phrases IV. Reading Skills

4.1 Choosing reading speed

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Objective To know the concept of sleep debt

To realize the consequences of sleep deprivation To know how to work off sleep debt Reading skill—choosing reading speed

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Preview Questions How

long do you usually sleep every night? How do you wake up every morning, by alarm clock or by biological clock? How do you feel during the day time? How do you work off the sleepiness?

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When you're in a rush to meet work, school, family, or household responsibilities, do you cut back on your sleep? Like many people, you might think that sleep is merely a "down time" when the brain shuts off and the body rests. How much sleep is enough?

Sleep needs vary from person to person, and they change throughout the lifecycle. Most adults need 7 hours of sleep each night. Newborns, on the other hand, sleep between 16 and 18 hours a day, and children in preschool sleep between 10 and 12 hours a day. School children and teens need at least 9 hours of sleep a night.

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Text Comprehension Structure Analysis Division Paragraph Part I Part II P1-p8 P9-p12 Main Idea To introduce the topic of sleep debt Sleep debt and the Mortgaged Mind

Part III Part IVPart V

P13-p16 P17-p21P22-p28

Wide awake but not rested Sleep and well-beingToward a sleep-smart lifestyle

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Comprehension Questions What kind of mistakes do sleep-deprived people make? How did the volunteer perform his task during the experiment?

What is the average amount of sleep that most people need? What is the result of sleep debt? Why do people wake up before the alarm clock goes off?

What’s wrong with the clock-dependent alerting? What does Cathy’s case show? What happens to sleep debt in the long term?

Why do people sleeping more than 10 hours tend to haveshorter lives? What did the researchers do to their subjects for the study? What was the result of their study? How could people adopt a sleep-smart lifestyle?

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Key Words

1.Consequence----result2.be prone to----be likely to suffer 3.Tap----press

4.Perspective----view5.Synchronize----cause to occur at the same time 同步

6. sufficiently----adequately8. mortality----death rate 9. impaired----weakened

1.足够地 2.适当的

7. apathetic----indifferent 不感兴趣的, 冷淡的

10. optimally----best possibly 最优化

11. aptly----rightly

适当地

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Reading Skill

How to choose reading speed Set the reading purposes

Preview the material carefully Decide the speed—slow, normal or fast Find the level of understanding Make adjustments if necessary

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Figures of SpeechF

igures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.

1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like “as, as...as, as if and like” are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.

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3) Personification: (拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命 的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees. 4) Hyperbole: (夸张) It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing. 5) Understatement: (含蓄陈述) It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, I studied human nature, and I knew a thing or two.(略知一二) 7) Euphemism: (委婉) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, “Pass away is a euphemism for `die . `Pass water is a euphemism for `urinate (排尿).

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7) Metonymy (转喻) It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). The kettle is boiling. (water in the kettle) 8) Synecdoche (提喻) It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, Young people should have more respect for gray hairs. He saw some new faces in the classroom. The tree (leaves) turn yellow in autumn.

9) Pun: (双关语) It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here & …… 此处隐藏：5040字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……