大学英语四级试卷

CET Band 4 Model Test One试题卷

Part I Writing (30 minutes)：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Environmental Protection. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.

1. 全球变暖对地球环境造成了很大影响

2. 引起全球变暖的原因

3. 我们需要采取的措施

Part II Reading comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C )and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Utilizing Woman's Skills

Women Working

Britain has a higher proportion of economically active women than any of our EC partners, with the exception of Denmark, and the trend towards greater female participation in paid employment seems to be irreversible. The Central Statistical Office's Social Trends Report, published at the beginning of this year, forecasts that the number of women in the labor force is likely to increase by 700,000 over the 1990s and that by the end of the decade no less than 45 percent of workers will be female. It may be questioned whether industry fully utilizes them.

Women Working Part-Time

At present a high proportion of employed women, four out of ten, work part-time compared with only ten per cent of men in employment. This development is in response to the increased opportunities available to realize two distinct goals:

(1) The industrial goal of achieving greater flexibility in working time and working schedules in order to improve the relationship between labor costs and business needs; and

(2) The personal goal of many women of participating responsibly in both economic and domestic-familial activity without subjecting themselves to intolerable strains.

Industry need part-time workers and women often find part-time work more feasible than full-time work. While many more women would doubtless prefer to have full-time employment, most men below early retirement age would see this as a necessity. The traditional images of the "male breadwinner" and the "female housewife and mother" may be breaking down among females but this process is occurring more slowly among males. Men do adopt the role of "househusband", but their number is still small enough to make the examples newsworthy.

For this reason, a good deal of female employment, and especially that part of it which involves women with young children, occurs without much corresponding adjustment or accommodation by men or by the institutions which men have created. Men remain "free" to take on their traditional full-time breadwinner roles, but women depend on there being opportunities for them to participate in economic activity at the time and in locations which fit in with their domestic responsibilities. However "useful" they might be to industry because they do not want

the full-time engagements that are not available, their involvement remains disintegrated.

The Waste of Talent

In consequence, the talents which exist within this section of the workforce are under-utilized. They served as "hands" hired usually to perform routine jobs which can be parceled out (把…分成小部分)in appropriate part-time parts. They may do these extremely satisfactorily and at low cost to the employer, but skills and competencies developed in the course of their other experiences including running a household, organizing efficient routines, counseling and developing children, etc. may never be given any chance to surface.

In addition they have little opportunity to contribute ideas or suggestions around or outside the immediate confines of their particular job. This is because they are not sufficiently woven(被编入) into the fabric（结构） of the organization to permit their insinuation (暗示) into discussions at the right moment or with sufficient persistence to ensure that they get a hearing. They are treated as part of a peripheral 【p 'r f r l】 (外围的) workforce and their ideas have little chance of entering the mainstream of thought.

Against this background there is little chance that they will be either rotated or promoted to any position of responsibility. Research published recently by the Institute of Manpower Studies confirms that women are generally still much underrepresented in management. It found, as many other studies of women at work have done, that although 40 percent of the current workforce is female, women constitute only 22 percent of managers and only 2 percent of senior executives. This also implies that even full-time women and those who do seek to develop a conventional career have little chance of success.

This may reflect stereotype (传统的观点) attitudes similar to those which attach to "part-timers": even full-time female employees appear to present a greater risk than full-time men of failing to make the grade as steady, reliable workers. They may declare themselves to be interested in a career, but they are much more likely than a man to succumb to the alternative career of raising children and running a family home. Therefore, some stereotype argument runs: they are less worthy of the employer investing training and development resources in them. If a woman is to get on, she has to surmount hurdles without much assistance and support from the employer.

Effective Utilization

In order to utilize female talents at all effectively, it may well be necessary, as many have already argued, to provide some simple logistical supports in the form of flexible work schedules, child-care facilities and the like. But it may be even more necessary to provide greate …… 此处隐藏：25231字，全部文档内容请下载后查看。喜欢就下载吧 ……