高中英语句子成分分析

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句子的构成王永峰

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句子成分 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语

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1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 定 宾 同 状 语 语 语 语 位 语 语

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㈠主语 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.

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㈡谓语 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well.

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㈢表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,see m, feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,becom e, get,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet.

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1. The war was over.

2. They seem to know the truth.3. Time is precious.

4. I’m not quite myself today.5. Who was the first? 6. He is out of condition. 7. The book is what I need.

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㈣宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books.↓ 间接 宾语 ↓ 直接 宾语

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●.please pass me the book. ●.He bought me some flowers. ●I like my job. ●I love you. ●He wanted to leave here. ●They enjoyed playing computer games.

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㈤宾语补足语 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.

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主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river. →He was last seen playing near the river.Theteacher caught the student cheating in the exam → The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor. → He was made monitor. He pushed the door open. →The door was pushed open.

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㈥定语 He is a clever boy. (形容词) (名词) His father works in a steel work. (数词) There are 54students in our class. (名词的所有格) Do you known betty’s sister? (动名词) He bought some sleeping pills. (现在分词) There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good. (过去分词) (副词) I met a friend on my way home.

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The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book.

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㈦状语 用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或 句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方 式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等. I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train.

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I wait

ed to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.

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基本句型 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) 主语+不及物动词+(其他成分)

主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补