学术英语(社科)_Unit 5

学术英语(社科)

学术英语 社科Academic English for Social Sciences

学术英语(社科)

5Sociology MattersCultures all share certain basic characteristics despite differences. In this unit we will see how those characteristics change as cultures develop, and how cultures influence one another through their technological, commercial, and artistic achievements.

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Unit ContentsLead-in Text A Text B Text C Listening SpeakingWriting

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Lead-inTask Read the first paragraph of the text. Work in pairs and write down two examples of the development of culture in China.

1 _____________________________________________2 _____________________________________________

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text A– – – – Critical reading and thinking Difficult sentences Group discussion English language for academic purpose Collocations Signpost language Formal English

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text AnalysisAnalyzing the text by explaining key terms 1 Culture the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text Analysis 2 Cultural universals

adaptations to meet essential human needs, such as people s need for food, shelter, and clothinge.g. athletic sports, cooking, funeral ceremonies, medicine, and sexual restrictions (Anthropologist George Murdock) (Para.2)

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text Analysis 3 Innovationthe process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture:

1) discovery: making known or sharing the existence of some aspect of reality e.g. the finding of the DNA molecule; identification of a new moon of Saturn(Para.5)2) invention: an invention results when existing cultural items are combined into a form that did not exist before. e.g. the bow and arrow, automobile, the Internet (Para.5)

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text Analysis

4 Globalizationthe worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas e.g. Starbucks in China (Para.6)

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text Analysis

5 Diffusionthe process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society. e.g. Diffusion can occur through a variety of means: exploration, military conquest, missionary work, the influence or the mass media, tourism, and the Internet. (Para.7)

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text Analysis 6 McDonaldizationthe process through which the principles of the fast-food restaurant have come to dominate certain sectors of society, both in the United States and throughout the world

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

McDo

naldization is associated with the melting of cultures. Examples:

In Japan: African entrepreneurs have found a thriving market for hip-pop fashions popularized by teens in the United States. (Para.9)In Austria: the McDonald s organization has drawn on Austrians love of coffee, cake, and conversation to create the McCafe fast-food chain. (Para.9)

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

In some societies, McDonaldization has met resistance to the invasion of too much culture from other countries. Examples: In Canada: 35% of a station s daytime radio programming is required be devoted to Canadian songs or artists. (Para.10) In Brazil: Barbie s popularity has been eclipsed by Susi, a doll that looks more like Brazilian girls. (Para.10)

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text Analysis 7 Technologycultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires e.g. Technology has increased the speed of cultural diffusion and broadened the distribution of cultural elements. (Para.11)

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text Analysis 8 Material culture the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives, including food items, houses, factories, and raw materials

学术英语(社科)

Unit 5

Sociology Matters

Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A

Text Analysis 9 Nonmaterial cultureways of using material objects and customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication It is more resistant to change than material culture.